Citing Personal Communications

• Personal communications include

AI generated text e.g. Copilot (if you are using generative AI to assist with your assignment).
electronic bulletin boards
emails
interviews
letters
memos
messages from discussion lists
online chats
personal interviews
telephone conversations
text messages

• Cite personal communications in the text of your document in the same manner as any other source.

• It is recommended that permission is sought from the source/author of a personal communication if you wish to include quotes in your text.

Examples

Personal communications (in text)

In a conversation with a colleague from the School of Molecular Science³⁴ ...

As stated in a letter from B.J. Saul, in July 2002³⁵ ...