About Footnote Style
Footnote Style uses a notational method of referencing when referring to a source of information within the text of a document.
In its simplest form, a number in superscript format placed in the text of the essay, indicates the relevant footnote:
Citations are numbered consecutively in the order in which they appear in the text and each citation corresponds to a numbered footnote at the bottom of the page containing publication information about the source:
A footnote lists the author, title and publication details of a work and subsequent citations are given in a shortened form.
A full bibliography of all works cited must be provided at the end of the paper.
Bibliography entries contain all the information that someone needs to follow up your source and are arranged alphabetically by the primary author's surname:
See Bibliography Entries or All Examples for details on how to construct references for specific resources such as books, journals and web pages.
Important Information
Created November 2010; modified July 2019
Please remember to check with your unit co-ordinator or tutor before submitting your assignments, as their style preference may vary from the guidelines presented here.
When using EndNote referencing software, please use the following output style - Chicago 17th edition Footnote. Depending on which version of EndNote you are using, you may need to download this output style template. For information about EndNote and downloading output style templates, please see the EndNote Guide.
Acknowledgement
This referencing guide follows the principles and examples given in the 17th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style (2017).
This Footnote Referencing Guide will be updated to comply with the Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition ready for 2025.