• Documents published in electronic formats are cited in the same way as print documents. If the electronic document has an author and date of publication, cite these in the text. The full description of the document (including its electronic source data) will be given in the reference list or bibliography at the end of your essay or assignment. Always question the validity of electronic documents with no author or publication details.
• If page numbers are not given, use paragraph or other section numbers if you need to be specific.
• If there is no author or date, follow the guidelines above for print resources.
• In the unlikely case that the document has no author, date or obvious title, then the internet address may be cited in the text.
Whole internet site
• To direct readers to an entire internet site (but not a specific document on the site), it is sufficient to give the address of the site in the text. Make sure the internet address you provide is current and links to the site. Remember that internet addresses may change:
Kidspsych (http://www.kidspsych.org) is a wonderful interactive Internet site for children.
No page numbers
• Use a paragraph number if no page numbers are present:
(Derrida, 1994, Section 2, para. 7)
No author, date or title
• Please keep in mind that citing information from an internet page with so few credentials may not be suitable in a piece of academic writing:
It has been stated that the problem cannot be solved (http://www.xyz.com).