• Indigenous knowledge encompasses many forms including cultural language, art, stories, dance, and the written word. Proper acknowledgement of these in academic writing recognises the authority and expertise handed down by Indigenous Knowledge Keepers.
• Most secondary sources of Indigenous knowledge can be cited as per the guidelines for the specific source consulted. When deciding whether to include a secondary source you should consider whether the source is appropriate. The decision tree on page 7 of the CAVAL Indigenous Knowledges Citation Guide can help you evaluate your source of information.
• Many direct sources of Indigenous knowledge can be cited as Personal Communication. However, if the source is an Indigenous Elder or other Indigenous Knowledge Keeper, use the standard format described below. It is essential to confirm directly with the Elder which name they prefer to be acknowledged under and whether they want a legal name to be included. Do not include a legal name if this is their preference. Confirm all details with the Elder and whether any additional protocols need to be added before including in your writing.
• The terms "Indigenous", "Aboriginal", and "Elder" should always be capitalised when referred to in-text, in footnotes and in bibliography entries.
• Do not hyphenate multiword names, e.g. "Asian American".
• When writing about Indigenous People, refer to them by the names they call themselves, e.g. “Aboriginal People” or “Aboriginal Australians” and “Torres Strait Islander People” or “Torres Strait Island Australians.” Refer to specific groups when people use these terms to refer to themselves (e.g. Anangu Pitjantjatjara, Arrernte).
Standard format for citation
Elder as Direct Source
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Last Name, First Name (Traditional Name [if applicable]). Year. Nation/community. Treaty territory [if applicable]. Where they live [if applicable]. Topic/subject of communication. Interview, month, day. |